Beloved by Morrison :: Morrison Beloved Essays

Beloved by Morrison "It is the ultimate gesture of a loving mother. It is the outrageous claim of a slave"(Morrison 1987). These are the words that Toni Morrison used to describe the actions of the central character within the novel, Beloved. That character, Sethe, is presented as a former slave woman who chooses to kill her baby girl rather than allowing her to be exposed to the physically, emotionally, and spiritually oppressive horrors of a life spent in slavery. Sethe's action is indisputable: She has killed her child. Sethe's motivation is not so clearly defined. By killing her "Beloved" child, has Sethe acted out of true love or selfish pride? The fact that Sethe's act is irrational can easily be decided upon. Does Sethe kill her baby girl because she wants to save the baby from slavery or does Sethe end her daughter's life because of a selfish refusal to reenter a life of slavery? By examining the complexities of Sethe's character it can be said that she is a woman who chooses to love her childre n but not herself. Sethe kills her baby because, in Sethe's mind, her children are the only good and pure part of who she is and must be protected from the cruelty and the "dirtiness" of slavery(Morrison 251). In this respect, her act is that of love for her children. The selfishness of Sethe's act lies in her refusal to accept personal responsibility for her baby's death. Sethe's motivation is dichotomous in that she displays her love by mercifully sparing her daughter from a horrific life, yet Sethe refuses to acknowledge that her show of mercy is also murder. Throughout Beloved, Sethe's character consistently displays the duplistic nature of her actions. Not long after Sethe's reunion with Paul D. she describes her reaction to School Teacher's arrival: "Oh, no. I wasn't going back there[Sweet Home]. I went to jail instead"(Morrison 42). Sethe's words suggest that she has made a moral stand by her refusal to allow herself and her children to be dragged back into the evil of slaver y. From the beginning, it is clear that Sethe believes that her actions were morally justified. The peculiarity of her statement lies in her omission of the horrifying fact that her moral stand was based upon the murder of her child. By not even approaching the subject of her daughter's death, it is also made clear that Sethe has detached herself from the act. Beloved by Morrison :: Morrison Beloved Essays Beloved by Morrison "It is the ultimate gesture of a loving mother. It is the outrageous claim of a slave"(Morrison 1987). These are the words that Toni Morrison used to describe the actions of the central character within the novel, Beloved. That character, Sethe, is presented as a former slave woman who chooses to kill her baby girl rather than allowing her to be exposed to the physically, emotionally, and spiritually oppressive horrors of a life spent in slavery. Sethe's action is indisputable: She has killed her child. Sethe's motivation is not so clearly defined. By killing her "Beloved" child, has Sethe acted out of true love or selfish pride? The fact that Sethe's act is irrational can easily be decided upon. Does Sethe kill her baby girl because she wants to save the baby from slavery or does Sethe end her daughter's life because of a selfish refusal to reenter a life of slavery? By examining the complexities of Sethe's character it can be said that she is a woman who chooses to love her childre n but not herself. Sethe kills her baby because, in Sethe's mind, her children are the only good and pure part of who she is and must be protected from the cruelty and the "dirtiness" of slavery(Morrison 251). In this respect, her act is that of love for her children. The selfishness of Sethe's act lies in her refusal to accept personal responsibility for her baby's death. Sethe's motivation is dichotomous in that she displays her love by mercifully sparing her daughter from a horrific life, yet Sethe refuses to acknowledge that her show of mercy is also murder. Throughout Beloved, Sethe's character consistently displays the duplistic nature of her actions. Not long after Sethe's reunion with Paul D. she describes her reaction to School Teacher's arrival: "Oh, no. I wasn't going back there[Sweet Home]. I went to jail instead"(Morrison 42). Sethe's words suggest that she has made a moral stand by her refusal to allow herself and her children to be dragged back into the evil of slaver y. From the beginning, it is clear that Sethe believes that her actions were morally justified. The peculiarity of her statement lies in her omission of the horrifying fact that her moral stand was based upon the murder of her child. By not even approaching the subject of her daughter's death, it is also made clear that Sethe has detached herself from the act.

The Patient Education Plan Essay

Larry Garcia is a 45years old Hispanic male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension during a work-related physical exam. He has been married for eighteen years and has three children. He has been employed as a sales rep for ten years with the same company. His current position is a high pressured position, but he is performing very well at this present time. His is Catholic but only attends church on holidays. Larry likes to fish in his spare time. His mother has a history of high blood pressure but refuses to take her blood pressure medication, but otherwise she is well. His father has a history of CHF and impaired vision due to macular degeneration. He is an only child who supports his parents financially, assist with their shopping and transportation needs as well. Larry has an associate’s degree in business and wants to further his education, but he is unable to due to his labor and household responsibilities. Larry does state that â€Å"I feel stressed sometimes† during the exam. He has never smoked and has an occasional drink of alcohol on the weekends. Larry has no known allergies and takes one multivitamin a day. Identified risk factors for hypertension on Larry Garcia Age: Larry is 45 years old; more men than women at age 45 have hypertension. Family: his mother has high blood pressure;his father has CHF. Heredity plays an important role in having essential hypertension. Sedentary lifestyle: Larry is 12 lbs. over his model weight and does not exercise on a regular basis. An inactive lifestyle escalates the risk for hypertension and other serious disorders. Race: Larry is Hispanic. Racial/ethnic disparities exist in blood pressure, awareness, treatment, and control, with Mexican-Americans having a lower awareness and treatment of hypertension, as well as less health-care coverage, compared with blacks and whites (CDC, 2013). Stress: Larry has increased stress from work and also in supporting the need of his parents Describing the disease process Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure  (Mayo Clinic). High blood pressure is a known and unsafe chronic illness. Hypertension indicates that the pressure of the blood in your blood vessels is greater than it should be. Hypertension is having a blood pressure reading that is greater than 140 over 90 or higher on a consistent basis. If left untreated, having high blood pressure can become a front-runner to many problems such as a heart diseases, stroke, or renal failure. Many factors can contribute to high blood pressure such as the way you live, nutrition, heredities and some other unidentified origin. Helping to lower your blood pressure can assist in avoiding health disasters in the present and near future. Age, ethnic, cultural background, spiritual and developmental issues to the disease Men and women are equally likely to develop HBP during their lifetimes. However, before age 45, men are more likely to have HBP than women. After age 65, the condition is more likely to affect women than men (NIH, 2012). The increased stress from having made his quota at work as a sales representative along with the increased stress of having to support his parents can contribute to his high blood pressure as well. Mr. Garcia is twelve pounds over his ideal weight and does not exercise which is another major risk factor for hypertension. If he were to exercise that could aid in lowering his blood pressure as well. Being Catholic has no significance on high blood pressure. With his mother having a history of high blood pressure, this can genetically have an effect of his current condition. Effect on quality of life Hypertension is a progressive disease that may not have any signs or symptoms, so they patient may feel fine for a long period of time. On the other hand, high blood pressure can change a person’s quality of life for the worse. Heart failure can occur which cause the heart to become larger and weaker over time. Aneurysms can occur as well in major blood vessels which can transport blood away from the heart. Blood vessels in the kidneys can become narrowed which can cause kidney failure. The kidney failure can be acute or chronic, but this can have the patient needing a kidney transplant or end up needing dialysis. Vision can become impaired and blood vessels in the eyes can rupture or bleed due to the increased pressure in  the artery. All of these can affect the quality of life and can change a person’s entire life-style. Educational needs of the patient and how it can be met Larry needs a lot of education on his newly diagnosed chronic disease. Larry needs to be educated about the potential risk factors and complications related to hypertension. The nurse can provide information on hypertension, the causes, risk factors and the lifestyle changes that can help in the control of high blood pressure. The nurse can educate Larry on the need for regular check-ups with his primary care physician. Larry’s last eye exam was eight years ago and he has never had a colonoscopy. Also, his family history of some chronic illnesses such as hypertension, CHF, and macular degeneration should aid in making this discussion be of importance to focus on. Stress management is an educational need as well. The nurse can educate Larry on the significance of decreasing the stress in his life and providing stress relieving technique and support groups. High blood pressure involves long term management and control which can involve life-style and medication adjustments. Larry needs to learn how to monitor and record his blood pressure accurately. He needs to become aware of when to take his medications and what signs to become of aware to notify his physician. Providing information on the medication, side effect and resources to aid in purchasing the medication is of importance as well. He also needs to make a nutritional adjustment which should include a low fat, low to no salt, low cholesterol, low calorie diet. An exercise program needs to be introduced as well to help him maintain his ideal weight and lose the extra pounds he may be carrying around. Patient’s Perceived Challenges Larry has a lot of challenges that he faces due to controlling his high blood pressure. The stress of his position at work along with supporting his parents has been an added stressor in his life. Larry is going to have to find a way to decrease the stress in both of these situations. Decreasing his work load by delegating more responsibilities to others can be of some much needed relief. He has to support his parents financially along with financially supporting his household can be a major challenge. Larry has two teenagers at home that he has to assist in leading and guiding in the right direction. The patient has to deal with his weight as well and is unable to do an exercise program due to his demands at work. Changing his dietary intake can also be challenging since he is always on the go. Larry does not retain verbal information easily and learns best by reading the material. Handouts would mostly likely be the best teaching mechanism for the patient. Helping to break the barrier of these challenges can assist the patient in the control and management of his blood pressure. Plan of care and potential patient outcomes Mr. Garcia needs to start losing weight. Creating an exercise program that can he incorporate into his daily routine is of importance. Seeing if his job has a gym, going to a gym near his job or taking a walk with his family in the evenings can aid in him starting an exercise regimen that can fit into his busy lifestyle. Providing information on a healthy diet that includes a low sodium, low calorie, and low fat is significant as well. An educational tool provided by the National Lung and Blood Institute that can aid in this teaching is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan. By changing his diet, he can lower blood pressure and begin to live a healthier life. Encouraging the importance of taking his blood pressures as scheduled should be a focus. Since he doesn’t like verbal teaching and does have an Associate’s degree than written materials such as booklet and pamphlets can assist in this medication educational process. Teaching stress relieving exercises and stress relieving mechanisms can aid in decreasing his stress. His wife is helping his parents and should continue if she can to assist him in the transportation of his parents. Summary Larry Garcia, a 45 year old male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension was the focus of this case study. As the nurse, I was able to identify Larry’s educational requirements to support him in living a fairly good life regardless of him having hypertension. An educational plan was developed to help him in complying with these needed changes in his life. High blood pressure is called the â€Å"silent killer† because it often has no warning signs or symptoms and many people do not know they have it. That’s why it is important to check your blood pressure regularly (CDC, 2015). Race, genetics, age and being overweight are some of the contributing factors of  hypertension. Although there is no cure for high blood pressure, management can consist of exercise, medication, dietary modifications and weight loss. References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). High Blood Pressure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/ Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension — United States, 2003–2010. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6218a2.htm Mayo Clinic. (2014). High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (2012). Who is At Risk for High Blood Pressure? Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/atrisk Redman, B.K (2007). The practice of patient education: A case study approach (10th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. The Dash Diet Eating Plan. (2015). What is the DASH Diet? Retrieved from http://dashdiet.org/what_is_the_dash_diet.asp

Taking a Look at the Crusades - 1259 Words

The Crusades of the middle ages were an extremely important part of history, although it was very gruesome and unnecessary at the same time, an oxymoron. I say it was important only because it had an impact on the world we live in today. It could be a very different world if the crusades would have never occurred and I believe traditional Roman Catholicism would be much more popular nowadays. The concept of the crusades seems wrong in the modern morals, but at the same time it seemed completely right and justifiable. The politics of Western Europe in the eleventh century was a one of a kind. The pope believed Europe was being threatened by the Byzantine Empire, (a Christian empire itself), and the Mohammedan tribes. The first crusades began in 1095 A.D., Christian forces followed Pope Urban II’s orders to wage war upon the Holy Lands and reclaim them. Soon armies of not only knights, but pilgrims, including women and children were headed east by the thousands. They were pushed forward by religious ambition, divine promise; they were fighting for what they believed was crucial to their beliefs and divine purpose. It is truly amazing to me the dedication these people had for something they had never seen or heard. It was true faith nonetheless. At this time in Western Europe, Roman Catholicism was extremely influential upon society and the pope was basically worshipped; he was their guidance, their connection to god. In 1071 the Byzantine army was destroyed by the Turkish andShow MoreRelatedWhy Were The Crusades?1389 Words   |  6 Pages WHY WERE THE CRUSADES STARTED SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR C. PAUL KING CHHI-301-B06 LUO BY KEVIN SCOTT WILLIAMS JUNE 29, 2015 â€Æ' Why Were the Crusades Started Most have heard of the crusades of the middle-ages or at least heard of some famous people such as Pope Urban II, Richard the Lionheart or others. 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Their emblem was the cross, â€Å"crusade is derivedRead MoreThe First Four Crusades : Effects, Motivations, Contributing Factors Essay1033 Wo rds   |  5 PagesSean McFadden Hist 362z The First Four Crusades: Effects, Motivations, Contributing Factors On honor, the words and thoughts of this paper are my own. I have received no unauthorized help in writing this paper: Sean McFadden In recent decades the First four Crusades have become a major era of historical interest, which has led historians to try and explain these dynamic events. While much of this era has remained a mystery, recent years have allowed historians to learn more and answer some of theRead MoreThe Crusades and Their Failure to Spread the Message of the Church and Chritianity 1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crusades, starting in the eleventh century, were attempts by the Western Church to rid Europe of the new formulated and invading Muslims. 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Perpetuas family did not see her martyrdom as something worth admiring, they saw it as an act of selfishness; Perpetua had a son and a big family and she was willing to leave them alone for the sake of God; †Look upon your brothers; look upon you mother and mothers sister; look upon your son, who will not endure to live after you. Give up your resolution; do not destroy us all together; for none of us will speak openly against men again if you suffer aught† But not everyone accepted martyrdomRead MoreThe Crusades : Campaigns That Changed The World1738 Words   |  7 PagesJared Spoonhour Mrs. Fegan Human Rights Literature 18 November 2015 The Crusades: Campaigns that Changed the World The Middle East has been afflicted by major religious wars and strife for thousands of years. For nearly a millennium, pilgrims from Europe had been persecuted by the Muslim rulers while on their way to the holy Christian city of Jerusalem in order to make atonement for their sins. The tense struggle for ownership of the city of Jerusalem between Muslims and Christians nearly a thousandRead MoreThe Crusades Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesHis moving campaign and the promise of an immense reward was inspirational to the many willing participants. One must essentially understand that the leaders of these crusades connected almost every accomplishment to the works of God, and felt a huge moral obligation to take back what once belonged to Him. The extent of the crusades shows the deep devotion that most of Western Europe had towards Christianity and the desire to rid the world of unnecessary evils. During the Middle Ages, heresy wasRead MoreImpact Of The Crusades On The Beginning Of A New Era1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cause of a massive phenomenon, that changed the course of history. The Crusades, is one of the most misunderstood events of its time, because what proceeded after the Frist Crusades. The Crusades were a vicious and merciless time in the Later Middle Ages, and the leaders of the crusades understood that and used the spirit of the Crusades to achieve their own goals both political and religious. The impact of the Crusades marks the beginning of a new era in western world. In the Later Middle Ages

Jazz in the 19th Century Essay - 538 Words

Jazz in the 19th Century As the United States entered the 1920s it was not as unified as one might think. Not one, but two societies existed. The Black society, whose ancestors had been oppressed throughout the ages, and the White society, the oppressors of these men and women. After emancipation the Whites no longer needed the Blacks, but were forced to live with them. The Blacks despised the Whites, but even so they became more like them in every way. Even though these two races had grown so similar over the past century and a half, they were still greatly diversified. One aspect of this great diversity was the difference in music trends. The White society was still in love with the European classical music. The Blacks on†¦show more content†¦They sang their songs while at work in the fields. This original music is called the old blues. The blues became the symbol of the new American race, and the home of this music was New Orleans. New Orleans had been a melting pot of culture ever sin ce emancipation had freed the slaves, but more was being mixed than just culture. Music from the Blacks was blending with the Whites music, and creating an entirely different form of music, which had never been seen before. This early form of Jazz began to be heard in the North and was developed further with the help of technical devices. Blues music had become more than just a symbol of the slaves, now it was becoming a symbol of America. The reason for this was because jazz and blues could be played by anyone from the whitest white to the blackest black. By this time White Americans could be heard playing the true jazz and blues. The true jazz was music played by the black man, because it was his music. Even white jazz players were beginning to be famous. Artists such as Paul White man and O.D.J.B. were whites who began to play jazz. Music played by these people was really the first jazz that northerners were exposed to, and because of this black northerners began to thin k of jazz as a white dilution of blues. Jazz music used the same instruments as ragtime did except for the piano. The piano was not brought into the pictureShow MoreRelatedRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 PagesRagtime and Blues: The History and Their Influence on Jazz In the city of New Orleans, from parades to clubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influencedRead MoreNotes On Dance Appreciation Da 101-011152 Words   |  5 PagesCatherine Baggs Jazz and Tap Dance There are various types of dances. However, in many forms, tap and jazz dances are very popular because they include diversified styles. In the 19th century, these dancers began to form and develop in the United States. Unlike the other dances, tap dance and jazz dance are blended from different dance forms. They are considered as the arts, and reflect American cultures as well. There are some ethnic dances that contribute to the development of tap and jazz dances. TapRead MoreInfluence Of African And European Music On The New World1310 Words   |  6 PagesJazz is an art form which developed completely in the new world. However, the influence of African and European music spread due to immigration, slavery and trade. 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Organizational Behavior Employee Engagement - 1812 Words

Amy Young Dr. Evelyn Hendrix Organizational Behavior 7 January 2016 Employee Engagement Definition Let’s face it; every employee has their own personal reasons for showing up to work every day. They may be supporting a family or buying a home; they may be saving for that trip to Europe. In some cases, they may just be seeking knowledge or experience to add to their resume so they can apply for their dream job in a few months or years. Employers and Human Resource Managers may never know the reasons potential employees apply for jobs in their organizations. For many, a job, any job, is just a way to support their hopes and dreams or current lifestyle situation. They go to work every day for the paycheck and not because they feel a connection to the company paying them. It is the responsibility of Human Resources and management to engage employees. To do this, managers and organizations need to think of their employees as assets – their greatest assets. Employees are the essence of products and services because they develop, deliver and support what customers e xperience every day (Bersin). Employees are the heart of any organization. Leaders and managers are beginning to understand just how important engaging their employees can be to the bottom line. Finding ways to engage employees can give organizations an advantage over their competitors in the marketplace. Although leaders recognize the importance of engaging employees, not all of them truly understand whatShow MoreRelatedEmployee Job Satisfaction Has A Large Impact On Their Organization806 Words   |  4 PagesEmployee job satisfaction has a large impact on their organization. Employees being dissatisfied can lead to high turnover, higher absenteeism, affect their overall job performance, and impact customer satisfaction (Robbins Judge, 2009 pp 87-89). This post will discuss the impact job satisfaction has in regards to organizational citizenship behavior and employee engagement. 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This paper will present the definition of leadership that provides a framework for exploringRead MoreLeadership For A Follower Or Break An Organization826 Words   |  4 Pagesmanager’s perspective is an important first step in determining that followership behaviors are linked to positive employee outcome. Blanchard et al (2009) conducted a quantitative study on Followership Styles and Employee Attachment to the Organization. In this study Blanchard et al. (2009) take Kelly’s (1992) followership conceptualization of followership having two demissions: independent critical thinking and active engagement. In this study Blanchard et al (2009) goal is to validate Kelly’s (1992) followership

The Cunning of Iago in Othello Free Essays

So Iago is this extremely interesting, cunning, evil character. But over all of these trait’s Iago’s jealousy is what drives him to scheme and plot to take down othello and weave his elaborate web of destruction. Does anyone know exactly when in the play does Iago’s intense jealousy come into play? In the very 1st act scene one iago and roderigo are arguing in the streets and iago starts to rant about his hatred for Othello and how Othello passed him up over cassio for promotion to ancient. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cunning of Iago in Othello or any similar topic only for you Order Now Iago had an enormous amount of battle experience, experience that Othello has witnessed firsthand â€Å"And I, of whom his eyes had seen the proof At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds Christian and heathen, must be belee’d and calmed† while cassio has no battle experience and only knows the theory of leading men into battle, â€Å"I have already chose my officer. And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician,One Michael Cassio, a Florentine(A fellow almost damned in a fair wife)That never set a squadron in the field,Nor the division of a battle knows More than a spinster—unless the bookish theoric, Wherein the toged consuls can propose As masterly as he. Mere prattle without practice is all his soldiership. But he, sir, had th’ election he has no clue how to put into practice this theory and is therefore unqualified according to iago. Later on in the play iago shows his jealousy of Othello because Othello is rumored to have slept with his wife toIago becomes jealous of cassio getting the promotion over him so he devises a plot to get revenge. How to cite The Cunning of Iago in Othello, Papers

Shylock is being portrayed as the victim or the villain in The Merchant of Venice Essay Example For Students

Shylock is being portrayed as the victim or the villain in The Merchant of Venice Essay The Merchant of Venice, deals with issues that have as much of a relevance, if not more, in todays society than they did in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century: money, discrimination and love between people that arent supposed to fall in love. Attitudes in the sixteenth century towards Jews meant that any Jewish character would have been expected to conform to a stereotype, like Marlowes Barabas in The Jew of Malta, a conventional comic play. Somebody in todays audience, would see Shylocks character flicker between being seen as a villain and being seen as a victim throughout the play, whereas people in the Elizabethan era and for at least 200 years after, would have seen Christianity as the superior religion and therefore Shylock would almost always be portrayed as a villain. Structurally speaking, The Merchant of Venice is technically a comedy, but the way in which the initially typical, evil character, in this case Shylock, can be seen to be victimised on several occasions throughout the play makes it something of a problem play. If Shakespeare had stuck more rigidly to the conventions of a typical comedys plot, then it would follow a storyline less like to be interpreted as having tragic elements. The other characters in the play also have more ambiguous qualities, which impact on the steady melodic flow of events that take place throughout the play. The play is also strange in that the characters that appear dominant through cross-dressing, maintain that authority when returning to their standard roles. This is unusual and uncommon amongst the expectations of an audience of that time period. Shylock first appears in The Merchant of Venice in act one scene three where he is seen negotiating the terms of a loan with Bassanio. Shylock is a Jewish moneylender from the Ghetto who makes his fortune lending people money and charging interest. From this first encounter with the character, we can immediately deduce some interesting character traits in Shylock. In this short section of text and his connection with Bassanio, we are able to uncover a sly element to Shylocks character. At first he seems cautious to lend Bassanio money because he is unsure if he will pay back all the money with the desired amount of interest. That is however, only up until the point at which Bassanio lays down Antonios name as surety for the loan, For the which Antonio shall be bound. At this point Shylock has the surety he needs but instead of granting the loan immediately, he continues to stall and ponder upon the subject. We can see from this that his general intention is to keep Bassanio guessing and unsure of his fortunes for as long as possible. Next Shylock asks to speak with Antonio, and when he appears, he speaks in a sudden aside telling the audience what he thinks of Antonio. I hate him for he is a Christian. His overall comments in his aside are indicative of his hatred towards Antonio. He goes into great detail over the grudge he bears Antonio, which defines him almost immediately as a villain. Although Shylock delivers to the audience a comprehensive list of the elements of Antonios character he despises, his only real justification for his hatred is Antonios religion. The fact that he says this in an aside shows that Shylock is cowardly as he is unable to speak to Antonios face but instead chooses to tell the audience his feelings without actually speaking to Antonio so as to avoid having to confront his bigotry. For this reason, the audience are likely to see him as a villainous character, intended to be bitter and relentless. Later on in the scene however, after Shylock has agreed with Bassanio the terms of the bond (three thousand ducats for three months to which Antonio shall be bound) we see him talking to Antonio as if he never agreed to the terms and as if he was still awaiting assurance from Antonio. He speaks of Jews in a general manner and explains some of the ways in which Jews are individually persecuted on a day-to-day basis. This is a very powerful speech in terms of Jewish persecution because, although Shylock is speaking about Jews to reflect on his own sufferings, it also becomes apparent that Shylock in a very indirect way, is speaking on behalf of all discriminated minorities throughout history, and this gives him a real sense of power and authority. There is continuity between the way that Hitler used his hatred for his people in the Jewish community, to present himself as a good Christian, and the way that Antonio expresses his faith. Antonios sub-conscious expressions make it obvious t o a modern audience that his own understanding of being a true Christian, comes from his hatred and abuse of Shylock rather than any real generosity or signs of mercy. Jewish Holy Scriptures lay emphasis on the necessity of peace and tranquillity within society, which is hugely contradicted by Shylocks eagerness to reap his revenge on Antonio so much so that he suspends all moral judgement in the situation. This fits in almost parallel to the way that Christians in the Twelfth century, expelling Jews from England, inflicted their cruel and harsh persecution on the Jews contradicting all their views of mercy and morality. When Shylock says, Suffrance is the badge of all our tribe. he is making a statement that looks forward in time from Shakespeares day as much as it looks back, from the point of a modern-day audience. His sense of suffering as a part of his religious identity is something that can be recognised as much today as then. Shylock is in a way a very domineering character, which is justified in his dedicated faith in his religion much more so than any of the other characters in the play, who are far more hypocritical. This is very commendable and is one of the only points in the play in which we can actually see Shylock behaving in a more righteous manor than any of the other characters. The Carceral Foucault's Discipline and Punish EssayHath not a Jew eyes; hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer that a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? At this point in he play we feel immense pity for Shylock who has faced so much inequality and intolerance from the Venetian people. However this pity soon turns to anger because no sooner has he finished saying how he has been so poorly treated, he begins talking about taking revenge. He says to Solanio and Salerino that if a Jew did wrong a Christian, the Christian would take his own brutal revenge accordingly so because a Christian has wronged him, he will do the same. By this point in the play, Shylocks character has been revealed so fully that the audience has seen almost all of the different aspects of his personality. This is the point at which Shylock labelled firmly as a victim or a villain once and for all. However the scene had been performed, Shakespeare would have left a lasting impression of Shylock on the audience be it one of a villain or a victim. In act three scene three, Antonio meets Shylock in the street just before the court case is about to begin. It is a short scene in which Shylock refers in conversation with Antonio, to the situation in which Antonio called Shylock a dog. Here again we feel that Shylock has been cruelly mistreated by the Christians. He is now able to enjoy his triumph over Antonio. Shylock explains that in the Biblical teachings, mercy was associated with the followers of Jesus, the Christians. But in Venice Shylock was an outcast and no one would show him mercy. He tells Antonio to expect no mercy from him. He says, Thou calldst me dog before thou hadst a cause, But since I am a dog, beware my fangs. He cant wait to take revenge on Antonio so by saying this he is trying to get his teeth into Antonio before his time comes in the courtroom. Shylock is portrayed very villainously here because, although he is describing his persecution which should in theory make that audience pity him, he says that if he actually is all of the foul, dirty things he, and all of the other Jews, have been called, then people should be wary of those things because they might just come back round and take their revenge. The final place Shylock appears is in the trial scene, act four scene one, where he is talking to the Duke. The Duke is trying to persuade Shylock that he has made his point and that the trial doesnt need to take place to prove any points. To this Shylock replies with a long speech commanding the Duke not to question his motives but accept that he will take what is rightfully his. In my opinion, Shylock is very commendable for his eagerness to remain above the temptation to let Antonio free after he is offered a vast amount of money to do so. Throughout the duration of the trial, Shylock deliberately refuses to show Antonio any kind of mercy, irrespective of the fact that he is warned many times that God will not take mercy on the day of judgement on any one who is unable to show mercy to his fellow man on earth. This makes us hate Shylock even more because it shows that he is willing to do risk everything to have the opportunity of killing the man he hates most in the whole of Venice. Towards the end of the scene, Portia, dressed as a lawyer, informs Shylock of one fact that had he been aware of it in the first place, would have dramatically changed his decision and the whole course of the trial. She said, that as he was a Jew, he was an alien in society and any alien that plotted against a true citizen of the state, a Christian, would be punishable by death, with his life in the hands of the Duke who determines what is punishment for a crime. In Shylocks case his individual punishment for conspiring to harm Antonio, was worse than death. He would have to give up half of everything he owned to his daughter and her new Christian husband. The other half had to go to Antonio, and Shylock was to become a Christian for the remainder of his life. This is the final point in the play where we feel pity towards Shylock because of the punishment he has to bear. This is opposed to the feeling that he got what he deserved as far as a punishment is concerned for all of the thi ngs he has done to numerous characters throughout the play. Shylock is the most memorable character in the play because of Shakespeares excellent characterization of him. Shylock is in some ways presented as a typical scapegoat in the play, and he is easily portrayed as an evil character because he stands in the way of love, and so desperately seeks brutal revenge on Antonio. Shakespeares manipulation of our feelings for Shylock is the one element that makes the play what it is. He gave Shylock the ability to make us hate him viciously and deeply sympathise with him at the same time. In todays society, where religion is on the whole less important to the lives of most people, I believe that sympathy for Shylock would prevail, as an audience would recognise that Shylock is subject to human frailties. In Shakespearean times however, Shylock would have been afforded no such pity. Religion structured society and those falling on the wrong side were considered to be in the wrong at the outset. Consequently, without doubt, Shylock would have been regarded as the villain of the piece.